Equality and Diversity - 2575 Words

In this assignment I will demonstrate my understanding of equality and diversity as a key approach to policy and practice within my setting. I will make reference to current legislation such as equal pay act, disability discrimination act, sex discrimination act and equality act. Other areas of discriminatory practice I will discuss are language and terminology, stereotyping and attitudes in relation to children and young people. I will explore anti discriminatory practice and diversity that is within the everyday role of the early years practitioners. I will also explore an area of my practice using my understanding of equality and diversity through an audit of provision to develop practice and outline any issues. The audit I will carry†¦show more content†¦Judgments can also cause discrimination as people can make poor judgements of people and discriminate against their good qualities just because they are in a wheelchair or have ADHD doesn’t mean they can’t play the same games as the other children they just may need more support than the others. In early years setting we use policies and procedures to outline the government legislation, we do not simply publish the legislation because of the way they are presented and the terminology they are written in. The policies and procedures are designed around the legislation in a way that are easily understandable for the staff and parents/carers using the setting. We make sure that the policies and procedures are accessible for all parents/ carers and staff. It is no longer acceptable to base an education programme on the stereotype of emotional behaviour being feminine, artistic and marginalised and rationale behaviour as masculine, logical and mainstream (Yelland, N 1998). It is important to give all children equal opportunities and allow boys and girls access to all resources and activities whether that be the girls playing with the cars and the boys playing with the dolls or both genders playing outside on the slides and bikes, this is all available in the work setting. Stereotyping can be offensive and cause biased thinking and actions, the tasks set in education programmes could favour groups depending on their culture and previous educationShow MoreRelatedEquality and Diversity2900 Words   |  12 Pagesand is made up of 5 Parts. Name: Part 1: Understanding equality This section will help you to evidence Learning Outcome 1: Know the meaning of equality |Learning objective |Place in Assessment | |1.1 Define the following terms: |Question 1 Page 1 | |Equality Read MoreEquality and Diversity2238 Words   |  9 Pages1. What is meant by diversity? Diversity means differences and variations, within in people for example different races, beliefs, physical appearances, age, capabilities, customs and gender and class. 2. Describe the community you live in. Highlight some of the variations you may observe in terms of: †¢ Interests †¢ Beliefs †¢ Ages †¢ Lifestyles †¢ Personal, social and cultural identities. The community I live in is very diverse, I live among various different cultures and lifestylesRead MoreEquality and Diversity2601 Words   |  11 PagesRunning Head: EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY 1 Equality and Diversity: A New Approach to Gender Equality  Policy in the UK Gender Studies 30th April 2011 EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY 2 Abstract The United Kingdom is a country that claims to be intolerant towards gender discrimination and at ease with diversity of all kinds. It believesRead MoreDiversity And Equality And Diversity1852 Words   |  8 PagesDiversity tends to be established by people from different spheres of life including different ethnicities, cultures, and social settings. It allows individuals to appreciate and understand the interdependence of culture, the environment in which people are living, and humanity. Diversity also helps individuals to build alliances and unity despite having a difference regarding their beliefs, religion, and culture. It helps one to recognize and appreciate that people are born different regardingRead MoreEquality, Diversity, and Democracy1348 Words   |  6 PagesJustice and Equality Cannot Coexist, For When One is Achieved the Other is Infringed Upon: Equality, diversity, and democracy are the three components that America claims to revolve around, but unfortunately lacks. America is a nation filled with envy, rage, and such preposterous behaviors and actions. Since the founding of the nation, to the present of America, and according to the predicament of the future, this territorial notion that America abides by is slowly corrupting the nation. SinceRead MoreManagement Of Equality And Diversity1117 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement of equality and diversity in own area of responsibility. The table below highlights the observations and evaluation that I have conducted for the implementation of the University’s launch of the Equality Diversity Framework. The observation includes suggested actions and a timeframe on areas where I could influence or have responsibility and authority to change. The University implementation plan was to deliver the strategy through the development of a strategic equality and diversity frameworkRead MoreEquality Diversity Inclusion1538 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Explain what is meant by. Equality Equality is treating people fairly and making sure that everyone is given a fair chance and that their individual needs are met. It’s about giving all sections of the community equal access to employment, education and other services that are provided whilst valuing and respecting them. Recognising that different sections of the community require specific measures to make sure they receive equality. Recognising how and why some groups are underrepresentedRead MoreEquality and Diversity Essay3406 Words   |  14 Pagesstratification (Parsons, 1970). Whilst complete societal equality may be unattainable, Equal Opportunities (EO) policies aim to ‘reduce the gap. Inequality takes different forms and there is much theoretical debate regarding which grouping variables, such as gender or age, are important. There exist three key notions of ‘equality of opportunity’: formal, liberal and radical. The former two are minimalist concepts, concerned principally with e quality of opportunity - the ‘beginning’ of the process. ConverselyRead MoreEquality and Diversity in Childcare9428 Words   |  38 PagesEducation course. One of the modules is Equality and Diversity in Childcare. For this exercise I will explore equality and diversity concepts as relevant to Irish Society. Analyse approaches to diversity education including, assimilation, multicultural, intercultural and anti-bias. Explore equality and diversity terminology; including prejudice, discrimination, racism, sexism and abelism etc. Examine current legislation on Equality and Diversity, to include Equality Legislation, the UN Convention on theRead MoreEquality and Diversity Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesNCFE Level 2 Certificate in Equality and Diversity Unit 1: Exploring Equality and Diversity Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via

The Electoral College System For Electing The United...

With the Electoral College system for electing the United States president winning the most popular votes is not a guarantee a candidate will become president. They must also get 270 Electoral College votes to win. A candidate can become president if he gets at least 270 Electoral College votes and does not have the most popular votes. Many people do not like the Electoral college system for this reason. They feel the person with the most popular votes should win. Unfortunately for them, the Founding Fathers did not have much faith in the American people selecting the President. They believed the American people s political knowledge was limited so they were not qualified to elect their President. At a meeting of the Constitution Convention held on July 17, 1787, Delegate Mason stated â€Å"A popular election, in this case, is radically vicious. The ignorance of the people would put it in the power of some one set of men dispersed the candidates.† At the same convention on July 19, 1787, Delegate Gerry stated that â€Å"The people are uninformed and would be misled by a few designing men.† The Founding Fathers were afraid if they gave unlimited power to elect the president to some politically uninformed people it could lead to a tyranny of the majority. To keep this from happening, they formed the Electoral College system that would be used to elect the president. They felt the Electoral College system would keep the election of the president from the politicallyShow MoreRelatedMain Arguments For Proponents Of The United States Electoral College1624 Words   |  7 Pagesproponents of the United States Electoral College are based on four ideals. The Electoral College is a beneficial way in which the United States elects the President because it contributes to the unification of the country by requiring a distribution of popular support in order to be elected, enhances the status of the interests for the minority, contributes to the political stability of the nation by encouraging the two-party majority system, and the Electoral College maintains a federal system of g overnmentRead More Electoral College Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesElectoral College A major conflict concerning the electoral college lingers in America. The Constitutional Convention created the college in 1789 in hopes that it would be an adequate system (MacBride 29). The electoral college consists of senators and representatives who cast their votes for the state they represent. Those who feel that the college should remain as it is believe that the American people are too uninformed about election issues to vote. The argument for the modificationRead MoreThe President Of The United States Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout United States history, the American people voted for the President of the U.S. and for members of both chambers of Congress, and the 2016 election is not an exception. On November 9th, Donald J. Trump was declared to become the 45th President of the United States by attaining 306 electoral votes, which is clearly past the threshold of the required 270 electoral votes. However, after winning the popular vote in states Trump had won, some electors from those states have expressed their disappointmentRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Electoral College1416 Words   |  6 PagesElectoral College Despite the Electoral College system being founded by the founding fathers in America and being there as long as the Constitution exists, many people still do not have sufficient knowledge on how it works. The Electoral College does not provide honest presidential elections rather it has the potential to undo the will of people at any point from the selection of electors to the vote tallying in Congress (Shaw, 3). Electoral College in the United States has played a major role inRead MoreThe Electoral College Of The United States1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe Electoral College in the United States is not a place but a process. It was a process our founding fathers established in the Constitution. It is a complicated voting system that most citizens today do not understand. The Electoral College has been in place for well over two hundred years and is unfortunately showing its age. Most people believe that when they vote in a general election for the President, they truly believe t hey are voting for the president. This has shown to be the caseRead MoreIs The Presidential Election Process Fair?1640 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States, we elect our President using an Electoral College. This process is long and complicated, and many believe that it is inequitable and that we should elect our President based off the popular vote. On the contrary, an election based off the popular vote creates a democracy, and goes away with federalism. Our current election process is archaic, and an election by popular vote obviates smaller states from being heard and goes against the foundation of America, however, a system derivedRead MoreThe Electoral College System Should Be Kept984 Words   |  4 Pagesquote greatly summarizes what the Electoral College system means; every person in the United States is guaranteed one vote. Everyone should have an equal opportunity to elect who serves in the government, and we are given that opportunity through this system. This is wha t the Founding Fathers came up with in order to solve the problems they faced over 200 years ago. However, some have opposed this system is not fit for this democracy, and argue that other systems would work more fairly. On the contraryRead MoreThe Electoral College Is A Privilege Of A Democratic Society1729 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, these millions of cast votes elect a small group of state representatives known as the Electoral College, not the president of the United States. Under the current voting system the power to elect the president is solely the responsibility of the Electoral College not the people. Although the Electoral College has a rich history, it is an outdated voting system and should be replaced by National Popular Vote. This method electing the American president has been in practice since the eighteenthRead MoreThe Electoral College Of The United States1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe Electoral College The Electoral College in the United States is not a place but a process. It was a process our founding fathers established in the Constitution. It is a complicated voting system that most citizens today do not understand. The Electoral College has been in place for well over two hundred years and is unfortunately showing its age. Most people believe that when they vote in a general election for the President, they truly believe they are voting for the president. ThisRead MoreWho Is Really Voting? The System Of The Electoral College?1220 Words   |  5 PagesWho is really voting? The system of the Electoral College has been around for over two centuries. This system provides a means for the president and vice presidential elections by way of state electors. According to the United States Constitution Article II Section One , â€Å"Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors , equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator

OECD Recommendations For Economic Growth of Australia

Question: 1. Understand and comprehend the principles, concepts and theories underpinning economics as a discipline and the role of economics in contributing to organisational and business thinking.2. Comprehend the role of economics within the wider contexts of economies and understand the relationship between macro and micro economic theories and practices and their impact upon businesses and organisations.3. Apply the theory and practice of economics to a variety of business contexts, problems, and managerial decision making models, and evaluate and propose solutions to business problems based on economic practice and theory. Answer: Introduction Australia is the largest country in the Australasia and Oceania continent. Due to its vast territorial ground, it easily has the largest economy in the region and ranks among the worlds biggest economies. Globally, it ranks high in terms of its diversified economy with mining one of its core industries. An understanding of this countrys economic structure, factors in an in-depth evaluation of its documented reports. Such reports provide a path in which meaningful progress can be launched. This essay, digs into Australias economic reports as projected by the Organization of Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). From these reports, it looks into the actions that OECD recommends in a bid to improve the countrys economy (Glynn, 2012). Improvement in the tax system efficiency and effectiveness Australia prides in being a capital- importing country. However this does not bode well with its low consumption tax rates coupled with heavy taxes on income. As a result, it makes little benefits from its exports. Furthermore, it will have a higher corresponding company taxes. Notwithstanding, there was an encouraging move made by the government in its 2014/15 budgetary allocations (The Economist, 2016). There was a substantial reduction in the corporate tax to as high as 1.5%. In order to effectively control its taxation, the government also reintroduced indexing of excise on vehicle fuels. Further control should be realized through further reduction of the corporate tax while having a closer eye at the low tax rate on the goods and services as per now. By doing this, it will also widen its base, eventually. According to OECD, the Australian government (2016) will further this cause by acting on the international agreement in a bid to prevent erosion of its base and subsequent shif ting of the profits within its reach. Ensuring better equity and performance in education Sound economic growth is forged by sound policies in its grassroots. With regard to this, the educational institutions need to be streamlined to stay in tune with this foundation. Australia has low levels of pre-primary school enrolment. Mostly, children coming from disadvantaged households face many challenges that contribute a shortfall in the skills later needed in the economy. In response to this, the national government in collaboration with the state governments advanced the universal early child education in 2013 dubbed the Gronski reforms. The adoption of this measure factored in the allocation formula whereby socio-economic factors played a key role. Children from all backgrounds could be reached through this mechanism. The OECD in line with this move, recommended that the government should focus more on provision of affordable healthcare that conforms to family life. Fostering innovation for green growth Green growth alludes to fostering sustainable economic growth while making sure that natural assets continually provide resources and subsequent environmental services on which a countrys well-being is founded (OECD, 2015) With regard to this, innovation is essential in integrating growth from natural capital depletion and eventually contribute to economic growth and creation of employment opportunities. While business is the driving factor, there is need for the Australian government to provide clear and stable market through carbon pricing (Glynn, 2016). This will be realized through:-private-public partnership; private sector investment in research is key in driving long term green innovation through its in-depth market research that identifies gaps. Incentives such as reduced taxation on the private sector furthering this course. Secondly, developing a green revolution into an ICT revolution. The government should introduce subsidies in the green technologies in order to drive jo b creation in its application. This will encourage private investments in the ICT which has not quite achieved its objectives with regard to job creation when compared to other OECD countries (BBC, 2015) Youth investment The unemployment witnessed in the Australian economy is largely represented by the 15-29 year olds. They are majorly short of education beyond secondary level. This has made them vulnerable to any economic realignment. Consequently, they are at risk of being left behind in the competitive labor market. Initiatives that are wired to help young people need to be developed to close the labor market gap that could result from this neglect. Increasing government expenditure on the youth departments will enable a larger round to be covered in a bid to bring the disillusioned youth on board. More so, the existing youth platforms such as Australian Youth Affairs Coalition will ensure that the government policies are connected to the youth and hence forging inclusiveness which has been lacking for a long time. Inclusiveness with the indigenous communities The Australian economy is consistently filled with huge gaps. These gaps separate the indigenous communities with the rest of the countrys population. Consequently, there has been regional imbalance in its quest for economic progress. In this case, economic growth has continued to be stifled by those who feel they have been left behind. Such unfortunate circumstances have been revealed in employment, life expectancy, consumer goods and services among other macroeconomic variables. To tackle this problem, the OECD proposes a strict rationalization of the indigenous community support. Small programs should be developed with a specific objective of targeting such communities. Labor-market involvement should be emphasized while health outcomes should also be improved to keep in pace with the rest of the country. General improvement of these aspects will be reflected in the whole economy. Improvement of the re-employment chances of displaced workers Expansion of training for displaced workers with enhanced skills evaluation. Australia suffers from consistent job displacements whereby economic difficulties compel firms to downsize (Australian Department of Employment, 2013). Such instances hurt the health of an economy and it often spreads disastrous effects to other sectors. In the long run, the economy plummets. While this is a common phenomenon, conducting skills assessment tests and subsequently training the displaced workers will equip them effectively. Through this, a smooth transition is established whereby these former workers will be best placed to get sustainable jobs (Syvret 2012). The labor market gains their expertise. A number of the OECD countries have adopted this mechanism. For instance, Sweden has made better use of it. A huge bit of an explanation to its economic expansion is based on this policy. Capacity enhancement coupled with infrastructural regulations; Infrastructure adds value to production activities through movement of goods and services from one place to another. Australias production capacity has fallen behind because of its inefficient transport and communications systems. Better infrastructure improves productivity scales while forging sustainable growth. The government recently expedited wider plans to better infrastructure. These plans included federal government incentives targeting the sale of assets and use the returns to further the course of infrastructure. The OECD advises development of new infrastructure that integrates environmental issues that ensure congestion charges are factored in. furthermore, infrastructural development fuses public-private partnership in creating a value for money model (Colebatch, 2012). Mental health reforms Building on the mental health reforms targeting the employment outcomes of workers with mental issues; according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2012) the Australian government spends an equivalent 28.6 billion dollars each year on mental health concerns. This equates to about 2.2% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product. Such expenditure shrinks the economys capacity to diversify. Mental health problems directly affect the economys productivity either through death, frequent absence. In the long run, the output decreases and firms may be forced to adopt retrenchment schemes so as to operate within their capacity to produce. Handling this menace will be key in converting such huge expenditure into other productive economic ventures. OECD report indicates Australia has absolutely no collaboration involving health care and employment (Gaynor 2007). In that medical practitioners lack knowledge to handle mental problems. OECD recommends that Australia should put in place coherent support structure across the country. It should ensure that cases of early school leaving due to mental illness receive support that enables their transition to work. Furthermore, policies should be developed to put a bit of responsibility in the employers court. Employers should thus be offered occupational mental health services. Tackling the high levels of obesity; Australias impressive growth of the health sector has been overshadowed by its huge rate of obesity. It ranks third in obesity among the OECD countries with 8.6% which is way above the average 5.0%. According to the Public Health England (2016), obesity leads to development of a wide range of complications. Cancer, diabetes, stroke and worst of them reduction of life expectancy. The economy losses its workforce as a result. Lost workforce implies cut-backs on output leading to unemployment. Unfortunate events such as increased demand for the few goods leading to inflation which hurts the economy both in the short and long run. Overweight is often coupled with obesity and both contribute disastrously to the economy. Governments are compelled to increase their benefit payments as well as social care costs. Conclusion Australia is one of the worlds thriving economies. There is a remarkable progress among its key sectors. However, there is absolute need to spur the economy into better growth according to the Organization of Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). Based on their reports, Australia is primed to realize more economic prosperity if it adopts particular measures they recommend. Inclusiveness of the youth and indigenous communities will create strong background in which deployment of new technologies can be launched. This approach is also in line with enhancement of equity and performance in the education that is relied on to provide skilled labor for better management of the economy. Health issues such as obesity and mental illness are a recurring menace that needs action once and for all. Integrating these components into an economy assures progress eventually. References Alexander, S, 2016. A forgotten pioneer of Health Economics in Australia? Australia Economic Review Journal, Vol. 49, issue 2 pages 169-173 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012, household income and income Distribution, Australia, 2007-2008 Journal of economics Vol. 22 No. 16 Pg. (342-348). Australian Government, 2016. Trade and economic statistics: Department of foreign Affairs and Trade. [Online].Available atwww.gov.au/trade/resources/trade-statistics/Pages/trade-statistics.aspx [Accessed August 5, 2016] Colebatch, T. 2012. State close to recession, Sydney morning herald. [Online] 8 March. Available at https://www.smh.com.au/business/state-close-to-recession-20120307-1ukme.html [Accessed August 5, 2016] Department of Employment 2013. Labor force region. [Online] 15 November. Available at https://lmip.gov.au/default.aspx%3FLMIP/LFR [Accessed August 5, 2016]. Gaynor, L. et al. (2007), The future nursing workforce in Australia: baseline date for a prospective study of the profule, attrition rates and graduate outcomes in a contemporary cohort of undergraduates, Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25(2), 11-20. Glynn, J. 2016. Australias economic growth hits three and a half year high on strong exports. [Online] 1 June. Available at www.wsj.com/articles/australias-economic-growth-accelerates-on-strong-exports-1464764224 [Accessed August 5, 2016]. Health Workforce Australia (2014). Australias Future Health Workforce - Nurses Overview Report. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Organization of Economic Co-Operation Development, 2015. In it together: Why less inequality is a benefit to us all, [online] 21 May. Available at www.oecd.org/social/inequality-and-poverty.htm [Accessed August 5, 2016]. Public health England 2016. Economic impact, [online]. Available at: https://www.noo.org.uk/LA/impact/economic [Accessed August 5, 2016] Syvret, P. 2012. Mining punches through recession, courier [online] 7 April. Available at www.couriermail.com.au/business/mining-punches-through-recession/story-fn7kjcme1226320756339 Mobile De [Accessed August 5, 2016]. The BBC, 2016. Australias economy growth stronger than expected. [Online] 1 June. Available at www.bbc.com/news/business-36423205 [Accessed August 5, 2016]. The Economist, 2016. Coming back down under: Australia is the first large, rich country to raise interest rates in more than a year, [online] 6 October. Available at www.economist.com/node/14582762?zid=295ah=0bca374e65f2354d553956ea65f756e0 [Accessed August 5, 2016] The Wall Street Journal, 2016. Risks to Australias Economic Miracle: Leading the pack fueled by resources, [online] 29 June. Available at www.wsj.com/risks-to-australias-economic-miracle/ [Accessed August 5, 2016]

Similarities and Differences Between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period Essay Example

Similarities and Differences Between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period Paper Similarities and differences between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period. Similarities and Differences between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period What were the similarities and differences between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period? The Romantic Age and Victorian Period had many similarities, but they had far more differences. They first differed in rule: the Romantic Age didn’t have a king or queen, but the Victorian Period did. They were similar and different in writing styles, and beliefs. The Industrial Revolution also had an effect on both time periods. The Romantic Period was from 1784 until 1832. The Romantics brought amore brave, individual, and imaginative approach to both literature and life. During the Romantic Age the individual became more important than society. Individualism became the center of the Romantic vision. The Romantic Age in England was a movement that affected all the countries of Western Europe. Romanticism represents an attempt to rediscover the mystery and wonder of the world. The French Revolution, 1793-1815, gave life and breath to the dreams of some Romantic writers. They wanted liberty and equality for all individuals. The Industrial Revolution was changing England from a rural society to a nation of factories (Fuller, 280). England changed from an agricultural society to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production. When Napoleon came into power, people became as violent and corrupt as their former rulers. This was known as the Reign of Terror. â€Å"England emerged from the eighteenth century a parliamentary state in which the Almeida 2 monarchy was largely a figurehead,† according to Pfordresher. We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities and Differences Between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities and Differences Between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities and Differences Between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Victorian Period was from 1832 until 1901. It marked the climax of England’s rise to economic and military dominance. The Romantic spirit didn’t disappear, but it wasn’t the leading influence. â€Å"The Romantic Period shaded gradually into the Victorian Age, which gets its name from Queen Victoria,† said by Fuller in The New Book of Knowledge. Queen Victoria reigned for 63 years, 1837-1901, the longest in English history. Victorian England was mighty, and its empire circled the globe (Fuller, 284). During her reign, Britain emerged as the world’s foremost industrial nation. Many people were critical of the society in which they lived (Fuller, 284). Nineteenth century England became the first modern and industrial nation. During Victoria’s reign great economic, social, and political changes occurred in Britain (Merritt, 320). Pfordresher said that â€Å"It ruled the most widespread empire in world history, embracing all of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, and many smaller countries in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. †. England then started to become unstable and survival seemed doubtful. An English version of the French Revolution seemed dangerously close. The number of people doubled in England between 1801 and 1850. Like the Romantic Age, the population shifted from rural areas to the newly industrialized cities. â€Å"The Victorian years did bring increasing efforts to achieve political, social, and economic reforms to meet the changes created by industrialization,† said by Pfordresher. Almeida 3 the 1840? s were the worst of the century for employment, hunger, and disease. Another difference between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period is the way that the writers wrote and in what they believed. Romantic writers were optimists, they believed in the possibility of progress, social and human reform. They saw mankind as generally good, but were corrupted by society. Romantic writers broke with the eighteenth century belief in the power of reason, instead they believed in imagination and emotion (Fuller, 280). The preromantics were a group of poets who represented a bridge between classicism and romanticism. They signaled the awareness of social problems and the love of nature that became typical of English romanticism. William Blake was the leading preromantic poet. Merritt, 319). Romantic poets believed that nature was the principle source of inspiration, spiritual truth, and enlightenment. â€Å"Poets of the Romantic Age focused on the ordinary person and common life in order to affirm the worth and dignity of all human beings, and to repudiate to evils of a class system that artificially designated a few select people as more important than others because of wealth, positio n, or name,† said Pfordresher. From 1786 to 1830 a few major poets emerged who permanently affects the nature of English language and literature. Robert Burns was a Scottish writer who wrote about characters, sometimes with a Scottish dialect another writer of the Romantic Age was Percy Bysshe Shelley, and idealist and social reformer. John Keats wrote intense and vivid poems. Many deal with beauty and it’s inevitable passing. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge were the first important English romantic poets (Merritt, 320). In 1798 Almeida 4 Wordsworth and Coleridge wrote a volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads. It has sometimes been called romantic poetry’s declaration of independence (Fuller, 281). Victorian poets thought and wrote differently that the Romantic poets. Victorian poets dealt with the contrast between the prosperity of the middle and upper classes and the miserable conditions of the poor (Merritt, 320). In the later years of the period there were modern kinds of realistic writing. Some authors showed a new, deeper understanding of character. Lord Tennyson has been called the voice of Victorian England. Lord Tennyson reflects the Victorian concern with moral codes in the retelling of King Author’s legends, â€Å"The Idylls of the King. PeterBrowning was another good writer, but she was more admired than understood (Merritt, 284). The Industrial Revolution took place in England from 1750 until 1850. During the Romantic Age, towns became cities and more and more villagers, forced by economic necessity to seek work in the growing factories, huddled together in filthy slums. Men, women and children worked from sunrise to sunset. For children of the poor, religi ous training, medical care, and education were practically nonexistent. Through the efforts of reformers, the church and government assumed responsibilities. Sunday schools were organized; hospitals were built; movements were begun to reform the prisons and regulate the conditions of child labor. Gradually English society began to awake to its obligations to the helpless. In the Victorian Period the Industrial Revolution had started in the 18th century with the invention of the steam engine and machines for spinning and weaving. In northern England the â€Å"newly mechanized† textile industry expanded Almeida 5 rapidly. Industrialization destroyed old jobs as it provided new ones. During the population shifting there was bad water, no sanitation and little food. Men, women and children worked up to 16 hours a day, 6 days a week, in factories without safety regulations. Industry became a major influence on English life. In Europe it produced revolutionary unrest (Fuller, 284). Industry and trade expanded rapidly, and railroads and canals crisscrossed the country (Merritt, 320). The Romantic Age and the Victorian Period had many similarities in the effect of industry on society and poetry. They had a lot more differences in the background and the writing styles and beliefs of the poets of both times. So in conclusion, the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period had many similarities and differences. Fuller, Edmond. â€Å"English Literature. † The New Book of Knowledge. volume 5. Danbury, Connecticut: 1995. Merritt, James Douglas. â€Å"English Literature. † World Book Encyclopedia. volume 6. Chicago: 1996. Pfordresher, John. England in Literature. Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company; 1991.

Three paragraphs Essays

Three paragraphs Essays Three paragraphs Essay Three paragraphs Essay Essay Topic: Paragraph Paragraphs Before we make any claim about what the cause of poverty is, we must understand the very nature of poverty itself. The first answer says that poverty is caused by physical limitations. I consider this to be a false claim because there are some countries where locales can not be described as poor. I believe that there is a way to create wealth even in rural places and even moving to urban areas is not the solution to poverty. What I consider to be the cause of poverty is the dependence of the third world countries. Looking at it from the economic perspective, a country that imports more than exports would have a considerable lower GPD and this would lead to poverty. Third world countries are over dependent on developed countries and import more than they export. This means local industries would not be patronized and so wealth that should be circulated in the country would be spent of foreign goods. From my point of view, I would say that the ranking of the various presidential candidates can be explained by the fact that the firmness of their standing. From the quotes and the eventual rankings, I noticed that ranking was based on how strong the quotes support the war that Israel is fighting. The stronger the statement is in support of Israel’s war against Middle East, the higher the rating. Apart from this, the high ranking is given to quotes that support America’s total involvement in the war against the countries that pose a threat to the Israeli nation. Quotes that openly show the candidate’s hatred for the Middle East are highly rated while those that tend to be on the middle ground are rated lower than others. America has been seen as a scary figure in the Europe and the world at large. Muslim nations see America as a nation who accuses other nation s to be terrorists but are not different from the said nations. However, this is not to say that these Muslim nations hate America rather, what they hate is the policies of the American government. I would say that America has been too much involved in war and other brutal activities in these countries. The truth is that these politicians that are quoted in the previous paragraph count on Israel’s support and thus formulate polices that would suit Israel. However, what we should understand is that there are also innocent people that do not support terrorist activities in their country. When we declare a state of war, these innocent people are killed and the people that are guilty may escape death. For me, I think his is a parody and an act of brutality that should be done away with.

Puntuacin de TOEFL para ingresar a universidad

Puntuacin de TOEFL para ingresar a universidad   Las universidades de los Estados Unidos piden a los estudiantes internacionales cuyo idioma materno no es el inglà ©s que demuestren sus conocimientos de ese idioma mediante un examen. Generalmente, los estudiantes toman, principalmente, el TOEFL. Si se necesita una visa de estudiante la opcià ³n ms comà ºn es la F-1, pero no es la à ºnica. Por ejemplo, mexicanos y canadienses que conservan su residencia en sus paà ­ses e ingresan a Estados Unidos a estudiar en una institucià ³n cercana a la frontera podrà ­an optar a una F-3. Pero,  ¿quà © puntuacià ³n garantiza ser admitido? No hay una respuesta à ºnica a la pregunta de quà © nota se necesita para ingresar a un college de los Estados Unidos, pero en là ­neas generales puede decirse que: Hay muchas universidades, incluso muy prestigiosas como Harvard, Princeton y Stanford (entre las 10 mejores), que no piden un nà ºmero concreto en el TOEFL. Y Stanford ni siquiera pide que se tome, si bien lo considera muy recomendable. Estas universidades miran al conjunto de la aplicacià ³n y si estiman que el conocimiento de inglà ©s es suficiente, admiten al estudiante sin considerar un nà ºmero concreto de puntuacià ³n (pero no nos engaà ±emos, va a ser alto).En el formato IBT se considera que un puntaje inferior a 61 reducirà ­a la admisià ³n a un nà ºmero pequeà ±o de universidades o a Community Colleges.La nota mxima en el IBT es de 120 puntos.Si el examen se toma en el formato de papel, PBT por sus siglas en inglà ©s, la nota mxima que se puede sacar es de 677 puntos. Con un 600 se podrà ­a entrar en las mejores universidades, si bien colleges sà ³lidos admiten estudiantes internacionales con notas de 550. Por el contrario, una puntuacià ³n  inferior a 450 pr cticamente harà ­a imposible estudiar en EEUU a nivel de licenciatura o posgrado. El examen escrito, que se conoce en inglà ©s por sus siglas de TWE, se reporta separadamente. La puntuacià ³n  va desde un 0 hasta un 6, de nota mxima.A veces los colleges y universidades distinguen entre puntuacià ³n mà ­nima y media (average). Si ese es el caso, intenta acercarte lo mximo que puedas a esta à ºltima. Puntuaciones que piden en las principales universidades de Estados Unidos Alabama Samford University: 90Tuskegee University: 69. Promedio: 80 Arizona Arizona State University: 61Embry-Riddle Aeronautical: 79 Arkansas Arkansas State University: 61. Promedio: 83 California Academy of Couture Art: 61Art Center C. of Design: 80. Promedio: 91CALUMS: 45California Polytechnic: 80California State - CSUCI: 61California State - Dominguez Hills: 61California State - Fresno: 61. Promedio: 70California State - Fullerton: 61California State - Long Beach: 61California State - Los Angeles: 61California State - Monterrey: 61California State - Northridge: 61California State - Sacramento: 64Califonia State - San Bernardino: 61California State - S. Chico: 61California State - San Marcos: 61California State - Polytechnic: 70. Promedio: 88CALTECH:  Esta universidad, una de  las mejores a nivel mundial para  Ingenierà ­a,  no pide un mà ­nimo de TOEFL, pero insiste en que no sea malo.Champman University: 80. Promedio: 98Claremont McKenna: 100Harvey Mudd College: 100Mills College: 80. Promedio: 97Pepperdine University: 80. Promedio: 93Pomona College: 100San Diego State: 80San Jose State University: 61Santa Clara University: 90Stanford: no pide una nota mà ­nima. Pero es de las universidades que sà ³lo acepta el TOELF como examen para probar los conocimientos de inglà ©s. Es decir, no admite IELTS ni tampoco el PTE Academics. Scripps College: 100Southern California University: no pide un mà ­nimo, pero hay que enviar los resultados del TOELF o de exmenes similares como  el IELTS. Sirven para determinar el nivel de inglà ©s  y tambià ©n para decidir si los estudiantes admitidos deben tomar un examen inicial al iniciar sus estudios.University of California -  Berkeley:  80University of California - Davis: 80University of California - Merced: 83University of California - Riverside: 80University of California - Santa Barbara: 80University of California - UCLA: 83University of California - Irvine: 80University of California - Santa Cruz: 83University of California - San Diego: 83 Washington University of Washington - Bothell: 92University of Washington - Tacoma: 83Washington State University: 79 Carolina del Norte Duke University: 100North Carolina State: 80University of North Carolina, en Chapel Hill: 100. Promedio: 109Wake Forest University: 100 Carolina del Sur Davidson College: 100. Promedio: 102The Citadel: 79 (militar) Connecticut Fairfield University: 80. Promedio: 101Yale University: 100 Rhode Island Brown University: 100 Florida Bethune - Cookman University: 80Embry - Riddle Aeronautical: 79. Promedio: 96Embry - Riddle Daytona:79Florida Atlantic University: 80. Promedio: 100Florida College: 79Florida Gulf Coast University: 79Florida Southern College: 79Florida State University: 80Florida Tech: 79New College of Florida: 83. Promedio: 107University of Central Florida: 80University of Miami: 80. Promedio: 99Warner University: 61. Promedio: 102 Georgia Emory University: 100Oxford College of Emory University: 100 Colorado Colorado School of Mines: 79. Promedio: 85Colorado State University: 79. Promedio: 84Colorado State - Pueblo: 61. Promedio: 75Johnson Wales - Denver: 80. Promedio: 90University of Colorado - Colorado Springs: 80.  Promedio: 91 Illinois Blessing - Rieman Nursing: 80DePaul University: 80Illinois Institute of Technology: 80Illinois Wesleyan: 80. Promedio: 96Illinois State University: 82Loyola University - Chicago: 79. Promedio: 94Monmouth College: 79. Promedio: 100Northwestern University: 100University of Chicago: 104University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign: 79 Indiana Indiana State: 61Indiana University - Bloomington: 79Indiana University East: 79Indiana University - Kokomo: 61Indiana University - Northwest: 79Indiana University - South Bend: 71Indiana University - South East: 75Indiana Purdue - Indianapolis: 61Indiana Purdue - Fort Wayne: 79. Promedio: 92Purdue University: 79Purdue University - North Central: 79University of Notre Dame: 100. Promedio: 111 Tennessee Vanderbilt University: 100 Nuevo Hampshire Dartmouth College: 100 Maryland Johns Hopkins University: 100 Washington D.C. Georgetown University: establece un abanico que va desde los 90 a los 100 Massachusetts Boston University: 100. Promedio: 106Brandeis: 100. Promedio: 105Harvard no establece mà ­nimoM.I.T.: 90. Promedio: 109Smith College: 90Tufts University: 100. Promedio: 110University of Massachusetts - Amherst: 80 Michigan University of Michigan - Ann Arbor: 88 Nueva York Columbia University: 100Cooper Union: 100. Promedio: 115Cornell University: 100Culinary Institute of America: 80CUNY - Baruch College: 80CUNY - City College: 61New York University (NYU): 100Sarah Lawrence College: 100 Nueva Jersey Princeton:  no pide un nà ºmero de puntuacià ³n especà ­fico, pero sà ­ que hay que rendir el examen. Adems, si la puntuacià ³n en la  parte oral del examen  es inferior a 26 habr que tomar otro examen al llegar a la universidad y tomar clases de inglà ©s como segundo idioma.Rutgers - New Brunswick: 79 Ohio Oberlin College: 100. Promedio: 108 Oregà ³n Reed College: 100. Promedio: 110 Pennsylvania Carnegie Mellon University: 102. Promedio: 110Dickinson College: 89. Promedio: 102Bryn Mawr College: 100 Promedio: 106Bucknell University: 100. Promedio 103Temple University: 79University of Pennsylvania: 112University of Pittsburgh: 100 Texas Rice University: 100University of Texas - Austin: 79 Virginia College of William and Mary: 100Washington and Lee University: 105 Experiencias en USA para mejorar el inglà ©s y obtener una mejor puntuacià ³n Si la calificacià ³n no es suficientemente alta y se desea mejorar una opcià ³n es participar en un programa de intercambio J-1 por unos meses para practicar asà ­ el idioma inglà ©s. Por ejemplo trabajar  de monitor de campamento  de verano. Consideraciones generales a la hora de tomar el TOEFL Tomar el examen lleva unas cuatro horas.El estudiante recibe por internet las notas de su examen a las dos semanas de haberlo tomado. Y tambià ©n las universidades a las que previamente se ha indicado que se deben enviar los resultados.Una vez que ve los resultados, el estudiante puede solicitar que se envà ­en las notas a ms colleges o universidades.La prueba del TOEFL puede tomarse tantas veces como se desee hasta obtener el resultado buscado. La puntuacià ³n sà ³lo es vlida por dos aà ±os. Otros exmenes para probar los conocimientos del inglà ©s El IELTS es tambià ©n un test muy popular entre los estudiantes cuyo idioma materno no es el inglà ©s. En todo caso hay que tener en cuenta que à ©ste es un examen de Cambridge. El IELTS es el examen que suelen pedir las autoridades australianas y las canadienses para conceder la visa de estudiante. Pero tambià ©n es admitido por prcticamente todas las universidades de los Estados Unidos. Una importante excepcià ³n, por ejemplo, es Stanford, en California. En todo caso lo fundamental es enterarse bien de quà © examen, si el TOEFL  o el IELTS es el admitido por la universidad en la que se desea estudiar. Y si aceptan los resultados de cualquiera, tomar el que mejor se ajuste a las caracterà ­sticas del estudiante. Lo cierto es que hay quien lo hace bien en el TOEFL y mal en el IELTS, y viceversa. Puedes encontrar ms informacià ³n sobre las diferencias entre estos dos tests en este artà ­culo sobre los 8 documentos que necesitas para presentar un aplicacià ³n completa para ser admitido en una universidad americana. Informacià ³n sobre ayuda financiera que te puede interesar Los estudiantes internacionales no pueden acceder a las ayudas federales que el gobierno federal brinda a ciudadanos y residentes. Pero sà ­ pueden tener acceso a becas, como el caso de estas  13 universidades de à ©lite con beca total (o casi) a estudiantes admitidos  o estas  25 becas para estudiantes internacionales. Adems, hay situaciones especiales que deben explorarse, como las becas  para deportistas. Y, finalmente, considerar la posibilidad de solicitar crà ©ditos  para estudiar en EEUU El sistema universitario americano Antes de solicitar admisià ³n en una universidad es importante conocer elementos bsicos de quà © se necesita y cules son las mejores instituciones. Por ejemplo, es bsico saber cà ³mo  obtener la validacià ³n de estudios realizados en tu paà ­s para estudiar en EEUU.   Tambià ©n es importante conocer cules son las mejores universidades. Estudiar es muy caro y debe evitarse cursar estudios es instituciones de pà ©sima reputacià ³n. Esta es la lista de las famosas  universidades de la Ivy League. Son excelentes y con un gran reconocimiento. Evidentemente, no son las à ºnicas que enseà ±an excelencia  acadà ©mica y proveen de excelentes contactos.

Marketing Financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Marketing Financial Services - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Morgan Stanley is one of the most well-known financial services firm in the world. Its head quarter is based in New York. The firm operates all over the world and deals mainly in institutional securities and investment management. Morgan Stanley advises large institutional clients how to raise funds from the market and how to manage its investment portfolio. The recent financial crisis has hit the company badly but it has recovered well from that. The company’s reputation is also good in the financial market. The brand name of Morgan Stanley is well established since it is been operating in the financial industry for a long time. It was founded way back in 1935 so it is a well-known brand in the financial markets. Morgan Stanley operates in a financial industry so its marketing strategies are entirely different from firms that sell consumer products. This section will elaborate upon its strengths, weakness, opportunities, and th reats and in turn will suggest about how the company should be shaping its marketing strategies. With increasing competition in the financial sector and a very recent recession, this might not be easy for the company so it is important to do SWOT analysis keeping the overall situation of the financial industry in mind today. The main strength of the company is its global presence and well-established brand name. Morgan Stanley is a well-known name on Wall Street so investors are pretty much aware of the company and the services which it offers. Â  Also news about the market given by Morgan Stanley analysts is given attention by the traders in financial markets. This shows the reliability of the name of the company in the financial sector. This reliability and brand image is very good especially in the financial sector because customers in this industry take into consideration these two elements (O'Loughlin, Szmigin & Turnbull, 2004). Global presence of the company is a strong point of Morgan Stanley. The worldwide services of the company allow it to operate in different markets. It can connect customers of financial services from different markets. For example it can hedge funds by buying securities in different regions and can reduce risk. This is a great benefit of operating in a worldwide market. Also the global financial markets are getting complicated with newer products coming every day. In such an environment more than 50,000 employees of Morgan Stanley help customers in finding the right product for them. With the derivative market and Islamic finance newer avenues are available for investors and the company is well prepared to treat all kinds of demands of its customers. Currently the company is making full use of its brand image and it is reflected in its advertisements. The company uses internet marketing or e-marketing as a marketing tool. This is because of the fact that internet plays a major role in financial industry. Many traders work from their homes through internet so it is very important to use internet as a marketing tool. The company also uses television advertisement but they are aired on specific news channels. The reason for this is that the main clients of the company are large institutional investors and buyers. Large companies and very rich individuals and groups use the services of the company so it is important that marketing caters to the need of these high standard clients. If one observes the

Do Structure Matter Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Do Structure Matter - Research Paper Example In the New Yorker magazine, the designer shared the readers’ position to understand the much-needed topical matters. Additionally, the New Yorker designers attain customers’ attention by using letters and words that enhance connection, employing the use of challenging language and unbelievable revelations and statements that attract readers’ attention. The designer here therefore steps into the shoes of New Yorker Magazine readers to enable bring out their specific needs that would attract and retain their attention to the content of the magazine. The large bold typeface used help communicate the significance of a heading therefore improving readers attention. The different segments running at the top parts communicate the relevance of each topic covered from books, fiction, daily comments among other headings in bold typeface. The magazine avoids excess use of decorative typeface. However much these have a potential of attracting customers, they may make the magazine hard to read through. This would then push readers to other easier, words, and letterforms in the magazine. This little use of decoration improves readers’ attention and retains their concentration to the contents they read (Jessica & Carolyn, 2007). New Yorker magazine achieve tone and texture in its design through integrating lines of type, words and letterforms. Additionally, it makes good use of weight, line spacing, letter spacing and typeface to attain readers’ attention to the content of the magazine. These design quality enhances brightness and density of type that moderates tone and texture in the magazine. Tone and textures determine an order in which readers go through a text. Putting the main topic in bold and coloring of parts of the text makes them more attractive and appealing to readers irrespective of their relevance (Knight & Glaser, 2013). The magazine uses multiple fonts that prove

Police Corruption Essay Example for Free

Police Corruption Essay This paper intends to reintroduce â€Å"police corruption† by defining it, briefly mentioning real-life examples, discussing its types and levels, stating that there is also ‘right corruption’, restating its causes and effects, as well as, how this dilemma may be addressed. Police Corruption Defined â€Å"Acts involving the misuse of authority by a police officer in a manner designed to produce personal gain for himself or others† is the technical definition of â€Å"police corruption† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 296). In addition to that it is said that the act of â€Å"police corruption occurs when a police officer accepts money, goods, or services for actions they are sworn to do anyway or when they accept anything for ignoring actions they are sworn to invoke legal procedures against† (Ivkovic, 2005, pp. 15 32). Real-Life Examples of Police Corruption There are several true-to-life incidents with regards to â€Å"police corruption†; take for instance the following: During the 80s there were seventy five police officers in Miami who were charged for â€Å"police corruption† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 297). There were some who were arrested because of â€Å"drug dealing† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 297). In New York City, almost the same incident occurred in 1992 since there were six police officers who bought drugs in their â€Å"inner city precincts and selling it in the suburban communities† where they dwell in (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 297). During the same year, a police chief was convicted of illegally taking $2,600,000.00 from their department (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 298). Then in 1996, there were three police officers in Detroit who were involved in a â€Å"Texas-to-Michigan cocaine smuggling ring† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 297). During the same year, there were six police officers in Illinois accepted money in exchange of allowing twenty drug dealers do business in their area (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 297). In addition to that, a police director was sent to prison for â€Å"malfeasance, mail wire fraud, tax fraud, accepting gifts, making false statements, and forging documents† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 298). Corruption Types There are several types of â€Å"police corruption† and these are the following: First is technically referred to as â€Å"taking gratuities† which is defined as accepting tips in petty amounts or price cut on products bought (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 298). Accepting tips is not usually illegal, however, if the police officer accepts such and will grant the request of a person that he carries out something negative then the police officer should be charged for it (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 298). Second is known as â€Å"taking bribes† which is defined technically as accepting money with the purpose of undermining the objectives of the â€Å"criminal justice system† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 298). Third is â€Å"theft/burglary† or stealing of money or property while carrying out their responsibilities (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 298). â€Å"Theft/burglary† is considered another type of â€Å"police corruption† because there are many ways of doing so (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 298). For instance, since police can have access to â€Å"warehouses and store†, they can easily rob these themselves if they are tempted to (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 298). The last is known as â€Å"internal corruption† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 298). It is defined as â€Å"paying colleagues or other people in the police department in exchange for special assignments or promotions† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 299). There are other uncategorized types of â€Å"police corruption† including the following: 1) accepting free meals; 2) accepting discounted products/services; 3) taking advantage of other people who are weak/helpless; 4) taking from establishments which are not highly protected; 5) asking for money in exchange for protecting activities which are illegal; 6) taking money in exchange of fixing cases; as well as, 7) planning to steal or rob an institution like a bank or a convenience store   (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 299). Levels of Corruption Interestingly, there are â€Å"levels of corruption† as well and these are the following: It begins with the first level which is known as â€Å"rotten apples and rotten pockets† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 299). Here, only one police officer is involved in an act of corruption (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 299). The next level of corruption is called â€Å"pervasive and unorganized corruption† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 299). Here, several police officers are involved but they do not have plans on how exactly they are to carry out such a corrupt act (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 299). The third and final level is an invasive and well thought-out corruption (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 299). Here, almost everybody is involved; at least within the precinct or the department the policemen belong to (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 299). The police officer usually begins by considering taking gratuities like meals/products/services for free which may result from peer pressure (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 300). Next to this stage, a police officer may consider accepting money to neglect regulatory wrongdoings (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 300). Unfortunately, a police officer may ‘develop’ into the final stage of corruption which involves accepting ‘gifts’, as well as, asking for it; he or she may now be on the lookout for a ‘kickback’ (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 300). Right Corruption Fascinatingly, not everything about â€Å"police corruption† is negative (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 300). There are instances wherein an act of corruption may be carried out to achieve a greater cause (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 300). Effects of Police Corruption However, it cannot be denied that there are countless negative effects of â€Å"police corruption† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 300). Unfortunately, it weakens law implementation which leads to prevalent delinquent acts (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 300). It also eliminates self-respect not only for the police officer but for the entire department itself making it more impossible for discipline to be established within the organization (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 300). Furthermore, the society loses their hope that they may be protected against delinquent people and other threats which leads to non-belief in the whole criminal justice system itself (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 300). Causes of Police Corruption â€Å"Police corruption† exists because of the following: 1) It occurs because it is observable and thus can be learned/imitated; 2) It happens because the nature of their work allows them to carry out a ‘corrupt’ act they are sometimes tempted to do so because they have the power to do so and because they can earn a lot by doing so; 3) Police officers are not very well motivated by their work due to the following: inadequate pay, no room for growth, no extensive training, etcetera and so they tend to engage in â€Å"police corruption† (Ivkovic, 2005, pp. 63 -96). Addressing Police Corruption Fortunately, there are steps we can do to address this problem (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 300). Experts say that it is important to acknowledge first that â€Å"police corruption† is being experienced (Ivkovic, 2005, pp. 97 134). Second is to institute â€Å"internal affairs divisions† to watch and regulate police officers (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 300). Third is to motivate the police force so that they will love their jobs and would not engage in â€Å"police corruption†, for instance, they should be trained, rewarded/praised, provided with a good salary, as well as, promoted when necessary (Ivkovic, 2005, pp. 97 134).

Education in America: Separate and Unequal Essay examples -- Still Sep

The greatest country in the world still has problems evenly distributing education to its youth. The articles I have read for this unit have a common theme regarding our education system. The authors illustrate to the reader about the struggles in America concerning how we obtain and education. Oppression, politics, racism, and socioeconomic status are a few examples of what is wrong with our country and its means of delivering a fair education to all Americans. Doctor Benjamin Barber’s article The Educated Student: Global Citizen or Global Consumer? discusses how the schools are being attacked by advertising campaigns. Barber talks about the poor school districts being targeted by a company called Channel One. Channel One provides these less fortunate schools with computers, televisions, and other technology. In return the schools have to show the students a twelve minute video that contains three minutes of advertising. In my opinion, this means were trading out our textbooks for fashion and material things. I do not believe the upper class schools have to deal with the same inequalities as the lower class schools. Doctor Barber’s intentions in his writings are about educating people about empowering themselves through culture and education. Doctor Barber assumes that 9/11 would empower more people and help produce a better education system. Doctor Barber stated ‘’in the aftermath of 9/11, it was particularly tho se public-official-citizens. All citizens because in what they do, they are committed to the welfare of their neighbors, their children, to future generations.† (Barber 420). I believe that 9/11 has had more negative effects than positive, and education has not profited from the tragedy that occurred more than ten y... ...help make up a person’s ability, personality, and means rather than money. I feel the author is attempting to convey that class means everything when it comes to education. Mantsios lists several references and charts that show what the odds would be if you were low, middle, or high class to attend a university and what level of education you might obtain. All of these authors have made valid points. They have all provided examples and evidence that America is still unfair, segregated, and provides unequal opportunities for education. As an American, I think we are still fighting for our freedoms and rights, such as education. References Barber, Benjamin. The Educated Student: Global Citizen or Global Consumer ?. New York, New York: Longman,2007. Print. Kozol, Johnathan. Still Separate, Still Unequal. New York, New York: Longman,2007. Print.

The African Diaspora

The term Diaspora means the dispersion of people from their original homeland. The term African Diaspora refers to the dispersion of the African people across the world throughout the human history. This is a complex process created by the movements and mobility of African people across the globe. The presence of the black people in the Americas, Asia and Europe is the result of African Diaspora. This paper will discuss the African Diaspora and in context of the modern era with a brief account of its history. African Diaspora Historically:The African Diaspora is not a phenomenon of the Middle Ages when the Western nations enslaved millions of Africans and transported them to the Caribbean, Americas. During the post Christian era the African continent has been a center of a glorious civilization. During the Islamic rule the Africans prospered and at that time invaded the Iberian Peninsula along the Arabs. This amalgamation of Afro-Arabic culture created the glorious Moorish civilizati on in the Iberian Peninsula which lasted until the 15th Century A.D.Many Africans settled across the Asian continent during this period of Islamic rule because of near absence of racial discrimination in the Islamic society. That’s why many people of African origin are still seen in Arabia, Yemen, Iraq, Indian Subcontinent and other predominantly Muslim areas. In the middle of the 15th Century the western explorers discovered new lands and continents in the Western Hemisphere. These discoveries unveiled potentials of riches and wealth by plantation in the Americas and Caribbean.To fulfill the needs of these Plantations the Western nations looked towards the African Continent. From this age nearly 11 million taken to the New World, 8 Million to the European Countries while 4 million were transported to the plantations in the Indian Ocean. (Larson, 1999) This was largest forced migration and dispersion of the people of African ancestry in the history and shaped the African Dias pora of modern times. African Diaspora in Modern Age: In the 21st Century both the people living inside the African continent and outside it are sustaining harsh and adverse conditions.People in the African continent are torn by Civil Wars, famine, poverty, fallacies of the leadership and the worst AIDs epidemic. Africans have the largest infant and maternal mortality rate in the world as well as the lowest life expectancy in the world. Most of the Africans are deprived of education, medication and other primary needs. The conditions of the Africans living abroad are also not that favorable. The largest group of people of African ancestry living outside the home continent is Afro-Brazilians.The situation of Afro-Brazilians is no better than their brethren living in Africa. Officially they constitute 45% of the population of Brazil but their contribution in education, business, military and legislation in nothing compared to their population ratio. Whites are dominant in every profit able sector and white collar jobs are only secured for Whites. Blacks living in cities are forced to live in segregated suburbs, where there are no modern municipal facilities provided.Other countries with prominent black populations are the United States and Canada (Combine population 4 million), Caribbean 15 million, France 2 million, U. K. 1. 6 million. (African Diaspora) Conclusion: The African Diaspora in the modern era despite all the slogans of racial equality has been deliberately deprived of all the rights and facilities enjoyed by the developed nations. If the developed nations didn’t take serious measures to cure the deteriorating situation of the African people things will go beyond control.

Kitchen Tools and Equipments

In the Preparation of Food Before Cooking A. Measuring and Weighing utensils 1. Measuring cups a. Dry Ingredients – Utensils for measuring various amounts of dry or sticky ingredients accurately. They must be filled to the top and leveled off. B. Liquid Ingredients – utensil to accurately measure lulls volume of Ingredients. Often In both metric and American units. 2. Measuring quart – 3. Measuring spoon – utensils for measuring small amounts of both dry and liquid ingredients accurately. 4. Dietetic scales 5.Thermometers – Useful device for determining cooking done-news, especially in meats. Can be metal and inserted and read while cooking or an instant-read type. Categories Include: candy, meat, oven and refrigerator for food storage. 6. Timers B. Cutlery and Aids in Chopping, Paring, Slicing, Pounding, etc. 1. Can opener device used to cut open metal cans using 2 blades and a rotating handle device. 2. Cleaver 3. Chopper – 4. Corer  œ 5. Cutting board – Protective tool for cutting. This way counter tops are not marred. It can be sanitized and stored In a dry place. 6. Food mill – .Grater and shredder – A cutting tool used to shred or grate foods like potatoes, cabbage, cheese or if the surface is fine, to zest lemons or ginger 8. Grinder – 9. Ice pick- 10. Juicer – Device for easy extraction of Juice from citrus and other fruits and vegetables. 11 . Kitchen knife – All purpose large knife used to slice, mince, chop, cube and dice. 12. Kitchen sharpener – Device to ensure that all blades are sharp for easy cutting and few accidents due to dull knives. 13. Kitchen shears – Tool used to cut foods and materials used in the kitchen. 14. Meat saw – 15.Meat tenderfeet – Hammer-like device used to pound thick portions of meat till they are thinner and more tender. 16. Mortar and pestle – 17. Paring knife – All purpose small knife used a s an extension of the hand for small cuts, garnishes, paring or coring. 18. Peeler – Tool to remove the outer layer of fruits and vegetables. 19. Salad maker – 20. Utility plates, bowls, and trays (tins or enamel) C. Tools for Mixing, Blending, Straining, and Rolling 1 . Blender – Electric piece of cooking equipment used for fine chopping, grinding and liquefying ingredients. 2. Basting spoon – 3.Colander – A bowl with holes to allow liquids to pass through. Used for separating beater – Tool used to speedily mix or whip ingredients. The fore-runner of the electric mixer. 5. Sifter – Small device used to move dry ingredients across a screen area to remove any lumps and mix and aerate them. 6. Ice cream maker – 7. Kitchen tool set – 8. Mixer, electric – Electric device that can vary the speed at which ingredients are mixed. Some models have specialized attachments for other tasks such as making pasta, grinding meat and freezing ice creams. 9. Mixing bowls (a set of 1, 2, 3, 4 sets) –These basic kitchen utensils have varying sizes and can be in metal, plastic or glass/ ceramic. Used for mixing ingredients. 10. Pastry wire blender – Hand held utensil used to â€Å"cut† firm shortening or butter into small pieces while mixing with flour mixtures which is the first step in making most pastry. 11. Rolling pin – Tool used to flatten dough for rolls, pizza, cookies or crusts. 12. Rubber scraper or rubber spatula – Used for mixing, folding soft ingredients and to remove ingredients from a bowl or plate. 13. Slotted spoon – Used to stir foods that are in liquids and to separate the lid foods from the liquids when serving. 14.Tea strainer – 15. Turner – Used to flip flapjacks or burgers or serve bars and cake. 16. Utility plates – II. Equipment for Surface of Top-of-Stove Cooking and for Baking A. Surface or top-of-stove cooking 1 . Bread to aster – 2. Casseroles with lid – Glass or ceramic baking container, often with a matching lid. 3. Coffee maker – 4. Covered skillet or chicken fryer – 5. Double broiler – Pan used to gently cook foods in an upper pan while it sits above another pan of hot to boiling water. 6. Dutch oven – 7. Egg poacher – 8. Frying pan – 9. Griddles – 10. Kitchen tongs – Utensil used to lift and hold foods while they are being cooked or served. 1. Pressure cooker – 12. Racks-assorted to fit saucepans – 13. Roaster pans with rack – 14. Saucepans – 15. Saucepans – 16. Steamer – 17. Turner – 18. Tea kettle – Vessel used to hold hot water for making and pouring tea. Can be of metals, ceramic or glass. 19. Waffle iron – B. Baking Utensils 1 . Baking pans – Baking pan traditionally used for breaking, but also useful for meatloaf, loaf cakes and banana bread. Can be me tal, glass or ceramic. 2. Cake 3. Cookie sheets – Thin, flat metal pan with no or only shallow sides used to bake a rarity of foods. 4.Custard cups – Small glass bowl handy in the kitchen for breaking an egg, holding small amounts of ingredients or for small mixing Jobs. 5. Casseroles 6. Jelly roll pans – Larger, flat baking pan with shallow sides used for making sheet cakes, bars and Jelly roll cakes. 7. Muffin or cupcake pans – Pan that is divided into many smaller sized compartments to hold foods so that they bake evenly and quickly; Often lined with paper liners. 8. Pie plate – Metal or glass or ceramic pan shaped slightly larger at the top than the bottom for easier removal off fruit filled pastry. 9. Roasting pans with racks – 10. Ring molds –

Bumblebees, Genus Bombus

Bumblebees, Genus Bombus Bumblebees are familiar insects in our gardens and backyards. Still, you might be surprised by how much you dont know about these important pollinators. The genus name, Bombus, comes from the Latin for booming. Description Most people recognize the large, furry bees that visit backyard flowers as bumblebees. Fewer probably know that they are social bees, with a caste system of the queen, workers, and reproductives cooperating to meet the needs of the colony. Bumblebees range in size from about half an inch to a full inch in length. Patterns in their bands of yellow and black, along with the occasional red or orange, help indicate their species. However, bumblebees of the same species can vary quite a bit. Entomologists rely on other features, such as genitalia, to confirm a bumblebees identity. Cuckoo bumblebees, genus Psithyrus, resemble other bumblebees but lack the ability to gather pollen. Instead, these parasites invade Bombus nests and kill the queen. The Psithyrus bees then lay their eggs in the collected pollen in the conquered nest. This group is sometimes included as a subgenus of Bombus. Classification Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - HymenopteraFamily - ApidaeGenus - Bombus Diet Bumblebees feed on pollen and nectar. These efficient pollinators forage on both wildflowers and crops. Adult females use modified hind legs equipped with corbicula to carry pollen to their offspring. Nectar is stored in the honey stomach, or crop, in the digestive system. Larvae receive meals of regurgitated nectar and pollen until they pupate. Life Cycle Like other bees, bumblebees undergo a complete metamorphosis with four stages to the life cycle: Egg – The queen lays eggs in a pollen clump. Then she or a worker bee incubates the eggs for four days.Larva – The larvae feed on pollen stores, or on regurgitated nectar and pollen provided by the worker bees. In 10-14 days, they pupate.Pupa – For two weeks, the pupae remain inside their silk cocoons. The queen incubates the pupae as she did her eggs.Adult – Adults assume their roles as workers, male reproductives, or new queens. Special Adaptations and Defenses Before flying, a bumblebees flight muscles must be warmed to around 86 Â °F. Since most bumblebees live in climates where cool temperatures may occur, they cannot rely on the ambient warmth of the sun to achieve this. Instead, bumblebees shiver, vibrating the flight muscles at a high speed but keeping the wings still. The familiar buzz of the bumblebee comes not from the wings themselves, but from these vibrating muscles. The bumblebee queen must also generate heat when she incubates her eggs. She shivers muscles in the thorax, then transfers the heat to her abdomen by contracting muscles down her body. The warmed abdomen stays in contact with the developing young as she sits on her nest. Female bumblebees come equipped with stingers and will defend themselves if threatened. Unlike their cousins the honey bees, bumblebees can sting and live to tell about it. The bumblebees sting lacks barbs, so she can easily retrieve it from the flesh of her victim and attack again if she chooses. Habitat Good bumblebee habitat supplies adequate flowers for foraging, especially early in the season when the queen emerges and prepares her nest. Meadows, fields, parks, and gardens all provide food and shelter for bumblebees. Range Members of the genus Bombus live mostly in temperate areas of the globe. Range maps show Bombus spp. throughout North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the Arctic. Some introduced species are also found in Australia and New Zealand. Sources Bumble bees - The Great Sunflower Project (article no longer available online)Bombus BiologyBumblebees: Their Behavior and Ecology, by Dave Goulson

The Heidi Chronicles by Wendy Wasserstein

The Heidi Chronicles by Wendy Wasserstein Are modern-day, American women happy? Are their lives more fulfilling than those of women who lived before the Equal Rights Amendment? Have the expectations of stereotypical gender roles faded away? Is society still dominated by a patriarchal boys club? Wendy Wasserstein considers these questions in her Pulitzer Prize-winning play, The Heidi Chronicles. Although it was written over twenty years ago, this drama still mirrors the emotional trials many of us (women and men) experience as we try to figure out the big question: What should we do with our lives? A Male-centric Disclaimer First of all, before this review continues, it should be disclosed that it was written by a guy. A forty-year-old male. If the subject of analysis in a womens studies class, your reviewer might be labeled as part of the ruling class in a male-biased society. Hopefully, as the critique continues, it wont present as obnoxiously do the self-confident, self-loving male characters in The Heidi Chronicles. The Good The strongest, most appealing aspect of the play is its heroine, a complex character who is emotionally fragile yet resilient. As an audience we watch her make choices that we know will lead to heartache (such as falling in love with the wrong guy), but we also witness Heidi learning from her mistakes; ultimately she proves that she can have both a successful career and a family life. Some of the themes are worthy of literary analysis (for any of you English majors looking for an essay topic). In particular, the play defines feminists of the 70s as hard-working activists who are willing to forgo gender expectations to improve womens status in society. In contrast, the younger generation of women (the ones who are in their twenties during the 1980s) is portrayed as more consumer-minded. This perception is demonstrated when Heidis friends want to develop a sitcom in which women Heidis age are very unhappy. Unfulfilled, frightened of growing old alone. In contrast, the younger generation want to get married in their twenties, have their first baby by thirty, and make a pot of money. This perception of a disparity between the generations leads to a powerful monologue delivered by Heidi in Scene Four, Act Two. She laments: Were all concerned, intelligent, good women. Its just that I feel stranded. And I thought the whole point was that we wouldnt feel stranded. I thought the point was that we were all in this together. Its a heartfelt plea for a sense of community that for Wasserstein (and many other feminist authors) failed to come to fruition after the dawn of the ERA. The Bad As you will discover in more detail if you read the plot outline below, Heidi falls in love with a man named Scoop Rosenbaum. The man is a jerk, plain and simple. And the fact that Heidi spends decades carrying a torch for this loser drains away some of my sympathy for her character. Fortunately, one of her friends, Peter, snaps her out of it when he asks her to contrast her misery with the more devastating problems going on around them. (Peter has recently lost many friends due to AIDS). Its a much-needed wake-up call. Plot Summary The play begins in 1989 with a lecture presented by Heidi Holland, a brilliant, often lonely art historian whose work focuses on developing a stronger awareness of female painters, getting their work exhibited in otherwise male-centric museums. Then the play transitions to the past, and the audience meets the 1965 version of Heidi, an awkward wallflower at a high school dance. She meets Peter, a larger than life young man who will become her best friend. Flash forward to college, 1968, Heidi meets Scoop Rosenbaum, an attractive, arrogant editor of a left-wing newspaper who wins her heart (and her virginity) after a ten-minute conversation. The years go by. Heidi bonds with her girlfriends in womens groups. She crafts a thriving career as an art historian and professor. Her love life, however, is in shambles. Her romantic feelings for her gay friend Peter are unrequited for obvious reasons. And, for reasons hard to fathom, Heidi cant give up on that philandering Scoop, even though he never commits to her and marries a woman whom he does not love passionately. Heidi wants the men she cannot have, and anyone else she dates seems to bore her. Heidi also desires the experience of motherhood. This yearning becomes all the more painful when she attends the baby shower of Mrs. Scoop Rosenbaum. Yet, Heidi is ultimately empowered to find her own path without a husband. Although a bit dated, The Heidi Chronicles still remains an important reminder of the tough choices we all make when we try to chase not just one but a whole handful of dreams. Suggested Reading Wasserstein explores some of the same themes (womens rights, political activism, women who love gay men) in her comical family drama: The Sisters Rosenweig. She also wrote a book called Sloth, a parody of those over-enthusiastic self-help books.

Internal Analysis and SWOT Analysis of the Coca-Cola Company Research Paper

Internal Analysis and SWOT Analysis of the Coca-Cola Company - Research Paper Example The content of this paper emphasizes that the company needs to reduce its dependence on carbonated beverage and diversify its product portfolio into the non-carbonated sector to remain competitive. It is argued that the best way to become a total beverage company is through addressing the key issues identified in this research and eventually moving towards a learning organization. By exploring internal resources and capabilities and meeting the demanding standards of global competition, companies build value for customers. Value is measured by a product’s performance characteristics and by its attributes for which customers are willing to pay. The specific bundles of resources and capabilities that offer distinct advantages to the company are considered core competencies. Core competencies are resources and capabilities that serve as a source of a company’s competitive advantage over rivals. Core competencies differentiate a company competitively and reveal its qualities (Prahalad, and Hamel, 1990). Core competencies come up over time through an organizational process of amassing and learning how to organize diverse resources and abilities. As the capacity to take action, core competencies are ‘crown jewels of a company’, the activities the firm undertakes particularly well compared with competitors and through which the company adds distinct value to its goods or services over a long period. By drawing on internal analysis and emphasizing core competencies when formulating strategies, firms gain knowledge of competing primarily based on firm-specific differences, but they ought to be conscious of how things are varying as well. This paper is intended to discus the internal analysis as well as the SWOT analysis of the Coca-Cola Company. The essence of this paper is to evaluate the current situation of Coca-Cola and the industry, and assess the existing resources. A specific strategy will help to match strength and distinctive competence in such a manner that Coca-Cola enjoys a competitive advantage over immediate rivals in the industry (Helfat, & Raubitschek, 2000). 1.1 Company background The Coca-Cola Company manufactures, distributes, and markets non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. Coca-Cola owns or licenses more than 400 brands, together with diet and light beverages, waters, juice and juice drin ks, teas, coffees, and sports as well as energy drinks. It has ownership interests in numerous bottling and canning operations. Coca-Cola sells finished beverage products bearing the Coca-Cola trademarks in more than 200 nations. The headquarters of the company are situated in Atlanta, Georgia and has around 139,600 employees. The company recorded revenues of $35,119 million during the financial year ended December

Stop the Massacre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Stop the Massacre - Essay Example Palestinians only get to hear of the data regarding their fellow citizens who have passed due to the conflict. However, the reporting is also compromised by media houses that are rooting for a western perspective, which has labeled Palestinians as terrorists yet the majority of Gaza residents are peace-loving citizens and have no arms that threaten Israel’s peace and tranquillity. The Israel army claims that it is undertaking surgical strikes aimed at only killing Hamas fighters (Yaakov 1). However, the grim reality on the ground paints a different picture. Most of the dead are innocent civilians who include children, women and the elderly. The support of the western nations for the conflict points at the eroded moral values of the strongest nations, which ought to stand for the enforcement of human rights. The above story paints a bleak future for Gaza’s residents who have become used to the torrential blasts of Israel mortar. This is a story about the contrast in the lives of Israelis and Palestinians. On the onset of the operation dubbed protective edge, Israelis, in amusement, watched from cinemas and cliffs facing Gaza as their army bombarded Gaza from the air leading to the death of innocent people (Yaakov 1). The Israelis, whom the army claims to be protecting, were celebrating as it pounded and destroyed the lives of Palestinians. This was in contrast to the picture painted by Israel’s media, which claimed that its citizens live under the constant threats of rockets. The war against Gaza was based on a false premise publicized by the Western-backed media so that world can turn a blind eye on the atrocities that are occurring during the military incursion into Gaza. The result of this war is the creation of a modern-day concentration camp and the death of even the unborn babies in the wombs of Palestine’s women. Palestinians cannot leave Gaza since they will be exposed to attacks.  

Business mangament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business mangament - Essay Example The underlying objective is to meet client demand with the desired tastes and preferences. Resource utilization is a critical aspect to monitor in operations management. The operations management purvey herein can take a number of forms, with the most commonly employed being strategic, tactical and/or operational. Activities that characterize each of the three depend on the operational decisions reached at an individual organization level. This is done by evaluating and assessment the market, customer base and the industry trends. The aim is to strike a long lasting relationship between stakeholders, so that the operational aspects of the firm are effective and efficient prior to the firm’s product and/or service line. The focus of operations management is primarily rooted in fundamental players in the business environment. These players highly influence the functionality and success of firms’ business aspects. Operations management focuses on the customers, suppliers, shareholders, employees and the society (Kumar, 2006, p.153). Customers are the main driving factor in the market. This is because they create market demand, prompting supply of products and services. In the case of shareholders, organizational welfare consequently influences shareholder wealth. The employee aspect of operations management accounts for working conditions at the workplace. Through corporate social responsibility, operations management integrates the society into the firm’s operations. This is done to ensure that business activities by a firm do not affect the society negatively. Based on the interests and the focus of operations management, five specific objectives are pursed. These are: quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost (Khanna, 2007, p.382). Quality addresses product and/or service specifications conformity. In other words, the quality of

The Unethical Business Practices Of Shell Commerce Essay

The Unethical Business Practices Of Shell Commerce Essay Unethical practices by organizations are frequently increasing as the pressure to compete and succeed compels them to ignore the ethical and moral aspects of their practices and decision-making. In order to maximize value for its shareholders and gain profitability, Shell ended up bribing the Nigerian officials to  make it easier to import their goods and equipment, in order to avoid customs duties, extend contracts and lower tax etc. Therefore this report investigates and scrutinizes Shells unethical practices in context to its the moral code of ethics and recommends Shell to be more ethical in their practice. 1.3 Introduction As globalization increases many organizations indulge in unethical practices to achieve growth and profit maximization. Consequently, the examples of such companies include LOreal, Nike, Wal-Mart, Shell etc. Shell, is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies. They have their headquarters situated in Hague, the Netherlands.  The parent company of the Shell group is Royal Dutch Shell plc, which is incorporated in England and Wales. Shells operated in more than 90 countries and has an approximate of 93000 employees. Their production mainly consists of forty eight percent of natural gas and around 3.3million barrels of gas and oil is produced per day. Shell has established forty three service stations worldwide. According to a survey conducted in 2010, theyve sold an estimated 145 billion litres of fuel. The Company has two main streams, upstream which explores for and extracts crude oil and natural gas and Downstream which refines supplies, trades and ships crude worldwi de, manufactures and markets a range of products, and produces petrochemicals for industrial customers. According to their financial report of 2010, with the capital invested of $30.6 billion and $1 billion in Investment in research and development, they had an income of $20.5billion with revenue of $368.1 billion (Shell, 2010). 1.4 Historical Background Shell was born during days of the oil boom and started out in the shadow of John D. Rockefellers Standard oil monopoly. Royal Dutch/Shell was the result of a merger in 1907 between the British-based Shell Transport and Trading Company, which pioneered the use of seagoing oil tankers and the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company, which made its fortune developing new oil fields in Borneo and Sumatra. Marcus Samuel was an enterprising fellow who decided to greet ships returning to England from India, Japan, Africa, and the Middle East and offer to buy any trinkets and curious that sailors had collected abroad. In the 1890s, the French Rothchild family decided to go into business exploiting the oil fields opening up in Baku in Russia. Needing a partner to help them transport and sell the oil, they turned to Marcus Samuel the younger. After a brief trip to the Caucasus, Marcus Samuel decided that the only way to take on the near monopoly grip that Standard Oil held was to radically reduce oil tr ansportation costs. During that time kerosene was transported in crates of tin containers. Loading the fuel into these relatively small containers, crating them, and loading them onto ship as time consuming, expensive and inefficient, Samuel argued. It would be much preferable to just pipe the oil into a tanker ship. In 1907, Sir Marcus Samuel and Henri Deterding merged the Shell Transport and Trading Company with the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company to create Royal Dutch/Shell. The company is owned forty percent by the Shell Transport and Trading Company and sixty percent by the Royal Dutch Petroleum (History of Business, 2010). In the 1980s, Shell sought to grow through acquisition. It bought out the remaining 30% shareholding in Shell Oil in 1985 to consolidate its American operations. The 1980s saw the development of offshore exploration projects, which were in much more challenging conditions than had previously been attempted.  The 1990s Shell saw the technology of biomass fuels and Gas to Liquids make giant leaps forward.  Shell was criticized over the Brent Spar episode in 1995, which centered on its plans to dispose of the storage platform. The Group learned that public opinion had become much more sensitive to environmental issues. In the next decade, the Group worked much harder to open a dialogue with interested parties regarding its environmental impact and to develop good relations with the communities affected by its work. Another problem to hit the Group arose from its presence in the Nigerian region of Ogoniland. The tribal minority in the Ogoni were aggrieved with the Nigerian government because they felt denied a proper share of federal revenues from the oil, and what they saw as other fundamental human rights. Their champion was the writer Ken Saro-Wiwa. The oil companies were targeted as collaborators with the corrupt government. Shell was accused of environmental despoliation. The story achieved international notoriety when Saro-Wiwa and eight of his colleagues were sentenced to death by hanging for their activities. Shell has since strived to follow a policy of demonstrating its community of interests and reciprocal good feeling with both the governments and the local populaces it deals with. The 1990s were notable for Shell for the development of the LNG gas business. Improved transportation and rising demand made this area of the Groups activities increasingly important and are expected to continue to do so in the first decades of the twenty-first century (Shell, 2010). 1.5 Report Preview This report examines various unethical practices of Shell. Firstly, it investigates upon the historical background of Shell. Moreover, we have related Shells immoral issues to the ethical theories. Along with these principles we also suggest some recommendations which could be reasonably essential for Shell to operate in a better and efficient manner. Finally, the report concludes with importance on ethics, corporate social responsibility and with our suggestion on its unethical action. 2.0 Shells Unethical practices: In 2010, Shell was accused of bribery practice with Nigerian officials in order to gain profit. Shell bribed Nigerian officials to make it easier for them to import goods and equipment, get lower taxes and avoid the customs. Shell said that it paid 2 million U.S Dollars to its Nigerian Workers in its deep water Bonga Project. Shell actually knew that part of the money will go to Nigerian officials whom will make shell avoid the customs process. This will give shell an obvious competitive advantage in the market. Shell actually gained $14million profit from this bribery of the Bonga project. Shell will pay $48.1 million dollars in order to settle probes by the U.S Justice Department and Securities and Exchange Commission. In January 2004, fraudulent overstatement of proven hydrocarbon reserves by Shell in Form F20 returns filed with the U.S. Securities Exchange Commission(John Donovan,2007). Shell has given misleading and wrong statements about its reserves. It paid a $120 million fine for this claims settlement. One of the famous unethical practices by Shell was causing the high levels of pollution in Nigeria.40% of shells oil spills worldwide was in Nigeria. The oil spill also caused water contamination. It caused oil pollution in the Ogoniland region for the past 40 years or so. The pipelines were built in front of the peoples houses and in their farmlands. They suffered oil leaks through the pipelines. This has totally destroyed the environment over there. It killed the aquatic life; killing many fishes. Also enveloped the land with oil. This has been really devastating for the Ogoni people, economically and healthy, since their economy depends mainly on fishing and farming. People suffered respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma; and cancer. Lots of vegetation is dying, especially Mangrove swamps, due to wastes of oil in the Niger River. The reason Shell has been successful in doing these unethical practices in Nigeria is because they used to bribe the Nigerian officials frequently to ease the process. Royal Dutch Shell Blames oil spills on sabotage to its equipment ( Chima Williams,2009). This explains how rude and unethically they take responsibility for their awful actions. According to the Covalence ethical ranking in 2008, saw Shell in the 510 position out of 541 multinational companies. Covalence s ethical quotation system is a reputation index based on quantifying qualitative data and It is a barometer of how multinationals are perceived in the ethical field(John Donovan 2009). The covalence ethical ranking is based on important issues such as Human rights policy, Waste Management, Labor standards and product social utility. A research done by Management and Excellence in 2005 sees Shell as the number 1 most ethical oil company in the world. But by the end of 2011, Shells position is expected to deteriorate much due to the bribery scandal it suffered for the last few months. 2.1 Conoco Phillips: Conoco Phillips is a Non-government owned American oil and Gas Corporation. Its the 3rd largest of the oil majors worldwide. It works in all different aspects in oil and natural gas industry such as Midstream, Petrochemicals, and Refining and Marketing. The company was formed as a result of a merger between Conoco and Philips in 2002. Its major competitors are Shell, British Petroleum and Exxon Mobil. Conoco Philips is one of the few Oil companies that suffer unethical issues. According to Conoco Philips, Our mission is to do more than to deliver energy. It has a long term commitment to achieve the top ethical standards and create a culture that encourages honesty and responsibility in everything they do. Conoco Philips values the importance of corporate transparency and ethics as they are a major drive for consumers and stakeholders confidence. A proof of ConocoPhillipss environmental concern is that it spent $80 million dollars to develop new technologies for unconventional and alt ernative energy sources. ConocoPhillips is a member of the U.S Climate Action Partnership, which is a group of businesses, major corporations and environmental organization with a goal to pressure the U.S Government to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. ConocoPhillips spent around $150 million dollars 2007 on research and development of alternative energy sources and new technologies- which is almost a 50% increase compared to the $80 million dollar spent in 2006. 2.2 Shell vs. ConocoPhillips Shell is the 2nd biggest company in the world in terms of revenue, which makes it more profitable than ConocoPhillips (16th). Actually, after the recent bribery issues about Shell, its position will eventually drop in the next few years. They will suffer from employee turnover, loss of company reputation and lots of other disadvantages which will not enable them to be more profitable like before. Whilst for ConocoPhillips, its very predictable that this company will get closer to Shell in terms of revenue and why not surpass it, due to its ethical practices! Thats why Shell should have good ethical policies like that of ConocoPhillips and actually adapt this policy and not violate it. 3.0 Recommendations and Facts: 3.1 Recommendations First of all if Shell wants to get back its reputation after the Nigeria bribery incident, they have to change their vision, not the written vision statement, in fact they have to change their insight toward the business they are doing and try to change their practices in a way that help and satisfy people instead of hurting them. They should keep in mind that business is not about gaining profit from whatever way, rather it is about gaining profit from providing services in a way that satisfies customers and if they act ethically eventually they will gain enough profit as they have satisfied people behind their back who support the company (Tempo, 2005). Shell should be considered guilty in this case and be fined for their unethical business practice. Furthermore, Nigerian government should be accountable and responsible for their action as well. The amount of fine that usually determined by courts should be either used for research purposes or as financial aid to help people around the globe. If they do so, Shell will force to do something that they escaped from and try to improve their instruments and facilities by doing research and development instead of trying to gain profit without thinking about safety and effects of their action on stakeholders (Tempo, 2005). More strict rules and regulations regarding the bribery issue and control of governments over their companies can lead to termination of bribery in long term. If Shell maintains a strict No Bribe policy, in long term bribe takers wont ask for it anymore. Then even if they fail in their business they wont blame themselves for paying bribes and they will know that there was something wrong with their facilities and services. 3.2 Facts The main reason that shell wanted to bribe Nigerian government was that they wanted to pay less taxes and easier import of their needed equipment, which eventually leads to higher profit. Thus they only looked for profit and to reach that, they choose bribery as an unethical practice. They shouldnt do that because even if we dont consider bribery as an unethical practice it was illegal and against law in Nigeria, however we know that bribery is an unethical practice indeed. The next thing is that bribery encourages corruption, and this action hurts the poor the most as they have to pay for something which is free and they get into trouble for paying the amount, because they cannot afford it. When a large company like Shell practices, in this case bribery, which is defiantly unethical, this act will spread to the whole society and affect the society in large (Tempo, 2005). Moreover when you start paying bribe for the first time it leads to demand for more bribes and work as a kind of temptation. So it is better never start it. Aid agencies trying to provide free services for those who need help and it is not morally accepted and expected from officials to try to make money from those services that supposed to be free. We believe and agree that Shell did something which is morally wrong and ethical person wont advocate it, but there is a positive point in shells case. Shell accepted that they did and unethical and wrong action and admitted their mistake, they also agreed to pay $48m in criminal and civil fines. However shell had to admit their mistake but still we can consider it as a positive movement from shell and we can hope that Shell try to be an ethical company from now onwards, stop their unethical business practices and try to gain profit while following ethical business practices (Temp,2005). 4.0 Conclusion In conclusion, we all agree that bribery is an unethical business practice and it is not expected from large company such as Shell to practice such actions. It is not only the case that Shell paid bribe, the most important thing is that such actions, eventually leads to corruption of society which all of us believe to be destructive. Shell can follow Conoco Phillips and invest in research and development and try to improve its facilities, and by doing this they might earn less profit in the short term but they can be proud of themselves by being an ethical company and gaining more profit than their competitors in the long term as they will have new technologies and facilities in future because they invest in research and development today. Shell Should be accountable for what they did and be responsible for their unethical behavior and try to stop such acts in future if they want to build their reputation again as people and stakeholders wont trust Shell as long as they continue bein g unethical. However if Shell really wants to be changed and get back its reputation they can do it by clarifying their vision among themselves and act ethically.